Inside the cave in France where many believe Mary Magdalene spent her final years

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Jul 22, 2025 / 16:17 pm

Tucked away in a rocky mountain in southeast France is a cave formed by natural erosion called La Sainte-Baume. It is one of the oldest Christian pilgrimage sites in the world as it is the place where Mary Magdalene is believed to have spent the last 30 years of her life.

Esteemed by St. Thomas Aquinas as the “Apostle to the Apostles,” St. Mary Magdalene is regarded by the Dominicans as a secondary patroness of their order, which was founded in Toulouse, France. Appropriately, the cave remains under the care of the friars in the Toulouse province. 

The Dominicans are charged with the task of welcoming and evangelizing pilgrims who make their way to La Sainte-Baume. (The word “baume” comes from the Provençal word “baumo,” meaning “cave.”) The friars, alongside staff and volunteers, run the hostelry located next to the convent at the foot of the mountain directly below the cave. 

“One striking thing about Mary Magdalene is how many different people are drawn to her,” Frére Vincent-Thomas Rist, a Dominican friar of the Toulouse province, told CNA in an email. “At La Sainte Baume, we get a bit of everything: mainstream orthodox Catholics, hikers on holiday, converts from Islam, sisters on pilgrimage, tall blonde women convinced of being reincarnations of Mary Magdalene, traditionists, liberals, and even Jesuits.”

“We sometimes see a couple of Americans,” he added. “We would be delighted to see a few more!”

The friars also run a variety of retreats, including their “Session des bien-aimés” for families with disabled children, especially those with trisomy, and with the association “Mer de miséricorde” for women who have lost a child in the womb, especially due to abortion. They have also run a program called “Ecole de vie,” where young people in their 20s can spend a few months serving, praying with the friars, and taking courses taught by the friars.

Every two years, the Toulouse friars typically meet together at La Sainte Baume for a few days at the end of June immediately following priestly ordinations.

The grotto at the Sanctuary of La Sainte-Baume. Credit: Sanctuary of La Sainte-Baume

Novices and student brothers will typically spend a week there every summer, acting as chaplains for student or scout groups. A few friars also tend to spend a week in the small house built into the cliff next to the cave in order to be available for confessions, he noted. 

“Mary Magdalene reached the highest heights of holiness after having started off in the lowest realms of serious and degrading sin — whatever those sins were,” said Rist, explaining the significance of the saint to his order.

“In that respect, she is a model of perfect conversion and a sign of hope for all sinners,” he added. “The faith of the Church rests on her eyewitness testimony, and she is a model for preachers.” 

Another friar, Frére Bruno-Thomas Mercier des Rochettes, OP, of Toulouse also told CNA in an email that Mary Magdelene is “an example for the spiritual life (from conversion to evangelization), for those to whom we preach (and for us as well).” 

“We find in Mary Magdalene an example for our preachers,” he said.

Who is Mary Magdalene? 

St. Mary Magdalene is one of the most prominent women mentioned in the New Testament. Her name comes from the town of Magdala in Galilee, where she was born. 

“The Latin exegetical tradition has often identified Magdalene with the penitent woman in Luke 7 and with the sister of Martha, that is, Mary of Bethany in Luke 10 and John 11,” Mercier des Rochettes said. “If it is one and the same person, we have a lot to say about her! She is always at the feet of Jesus, choosing the best and hearing his word, pouring out precious perfumes for him, faithfully staying at the cross, etc.”

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In 2016, the Catholic Church upgraded the July 22 liturgical celebration of St. Mary Magdalene from a memorial to a feast.

A historic view of the Provincial tradition: Mary Magdalene’s journey  

The story of Mary Magdalene’s presence in France, according to Rist, “stems from an oral tradition which eventually got put down in writing in the 13th century.” 

The tradition, which was written down in the 1260s by Dominican Blessed Jacobus Voragine, he explained, holds that Mary Magdalene was forced to flee from persecution on a boat with several others, including Martha. She eventually landed in the South of France, where she evangelized Marseilles before retreating to the cave, where she lived for many years in prayer and penance. 

“This, incidentally, is also a point of contact with the Dominican order,” Rist pointed out. “We once used to be known as the Order of Penance.” 

According to the website for La Sainte-Baume, Mary Magdalene arrived in what is now known as Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, a commune in the Camargue region of southern France, around A.D. 47.

“Before dying she went to Saint-Maximin, received holy Communion from the hands of the bishop, and then died,” Rist said. “Her body was kept and pilgrims started coming. When Muslims tried to invade the South of France in the eighth century, her body was hidden in a place which gradually faded out of memory.” 

A statue in the grotto at the Sanctuary of La Sainte-Baume. Credit: Sanctuary of La Sainte-Baume

“In the 13th century, a pilgrimage in her honor still existed, but with no relics. The count of Provence started looking for them and found them in what is now the crypt of the Basilica of Saint-Maximin,” he continued. The Dominicans were then installed as caretakers of the site in 1295 by the count of Provence with the support of Pope Boniface VII, in part because “Dominicans had special authorization to absolve particularly grave sins.” 

“Penitents having committed those sins could conveniently be sent on pilgrimage to venerate the relics of Mary Magdalene and would receive absolution by a Dominican,” Frére Vincent-Thomas said.

“As far as I know,” he told CNA, “dating reveals that the relics belong to a Mediterranean woman from the first century who died around the age of 90. What is certain is that the relics we have now are the ones found in 1297 by the count of Provence.”

A history of Dominican presence

In modern history, the order was forced to leave during the French Revolution in the 18th century, during which the cave was looted and the Dominicans’ sanctuary destroyed. They later returned in 1859 at the behest of the Dominican priest, journalist, and political activist Frére Henri Lacordaire, who had the sanctuary rebuilt.

The Dominican communities at Saint-Maximin and La Sainte-Baume were part of the French Christian resistance to the Nazi occupation. And, according to public records, one Dominican friar, Frére Gabril Piprot d’Alleaume, even founded a school at La Sainte-Baume for Jewish and Christian orphan children who had been hidden from deportation efforts during the occupation. 

While Rist acknowledged that it is “difficult to say” how much of the tradition of Mary Magdalene’s presence in France is authentic, rather than “medieval imagination,” he reflected, “that there is a kernel of truth is not impossible.”

The Dominican further explained that both Saint Maximin and La Sainte-Baume were “important places for early Christians” and that “Mary Magdalene’s possible presence in the area is the best/only explanation we have.” 

Some of Mary Magdalene’s relics are kept in the cave at La Sainte-Baume, while her skull remains in the basilica of Saint-Maximin, which is 30 minutes away by car, according to Frére Vincent-Thomas. A community of Dominican sisters live at Saint-Maximin, which he noted is “the one which in France has recently had the most vocations.” 

Every year, on the Sunday closest to July 22, a procession with Mary Magdalene’s skull — contained in a gold reliquary — takes place throughout the streets of Sainte-Maximine in France. Credit: Sanctuary of La Sainte-Baume

“It is quiet,” Rist said of the cave, noting he was struck in his first visit by “the beauty of the place” in particular. “The mountain is great, and from the top, (at a chapel called Saint-Pilon) you have one of the best viewpoints on the entire Provence,” he said. According to Rist, the climb is not long, about 45 minutes, “but it is enough to feel the effort.”

“Prepare to take your intentions to Magdalene in her cave, with a few rosaries along the way,” he added. 

“There is always at least one friar at the cave,” explained Mercier des Rochettes, noting that there is a small house “clinging to the cliff” next to it. The cave, which also serves as a chapel, is nestled into the rocky mountainside.

At the foot of La Sainte-Baume, the order has its convent and a hostellry it runs for pilgrims who come to visit the cave.

Every year, on the Sunday closest to July 22, a procession with Mary Magdalene’s skull — contained in a gold reliquary — takes place throughout the streets of Sainte-Maximine.